Organisational Behaviour †Personalities Essay

Organisation : a group of people working towards the same goal. Human Resource Management : a function in organisations designed to maximise employee performance in service of their employer’s strategic objectives. HR is primarily concerned with how people are managed within organisations, focusing on policies and systems. Organisational Behaviour : studies the impact individuals, groups, and structures have on human behaviour within organisations. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes sociology, psychology, communication, and management. The companies which interest people do better financially. Exercise 1 – Knowing Yourself Who am I: creative, worried, thoughtful, planner, enthusiastic Personality and Individual Differences: Nature and Nurture Fixed in the short run Particularly salient in â€Å"weak† situations Organisational Personality Why is Personality needed? For recruiters to see what individual is needed for a jon To see what careers are better for us To manage employees to understand their natural capabilities and where they will find most satisfaction Personality at work: Fundamental personality traits, the Big 5: Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion – Introversion Agreeableness Neuroticism – Emotional Stability Individual Differences (Affectivity, EQ, Type A/B) Openness to Experience: OE has implications for peiple’s willingness to be original and take risks. It is essential during change, jobs involving risk, and oriented towards innovation Conscientiousness: Strong link between this and performance. Is it a limiting factor at work? Is it ever beneficial to break the rules at work? Extraversion: have a greater tendency to experience positive emotional states. They outperform introverts in managerial and sales jobs. Good for jobs involving frequent social interaction. Agreeableness: No clear research between agreeableness and performance. A low agreeableness may be an advantage in certain jobs, a higher agreeableness may be helpful for a team player. Neuroticism: Link to performance is unclear, however this is not necessarily bad. It is linked to negative affectivity. At work, they may be more critic of their own work, and may be more persistent in work. CORRELATIONS Emotional Intelligence (EQ) – the extent to which an individual understands and can relate to him/her-self and others (Goleman, 1998). The ability to recognize and regulate our own emotions The ability to recognize and influence others’ emotions Social Skill: The skills we use to communicate and interact with each other, both verbally and non-verbally, through gestures, body language and our personal appearance. Managing relationships to move people in desirable directions. Can be developed through motivation, practice and feedback. Can only be learned with desire and concerned effort. Be in a social environment, feel comfortable.

Oates v Emerson Essay

In class out of the three essays we read I choose to do a compare-contrast between Ralph Waldo Emerson’s and Joyce Carol Oates’s essays. I choose these two because they both had different feels towards nature. Oates is against nature and Emerson is about becoming one with nature. Even though both have different meaning, both Oates and Emerson successfully uses rhetorical strategies such as appeal to credibility, emotion, and logic to support their claims on nature. In Emerson’s â€Å"From Nature† he uses credibility when he refers to god. He states that â€Å"I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing†¦I am part or particle of God†. Emerson is basically saying that he is one with nature. He is persuading the reader to think this. Emerson relates to his audience through the feelings that nature by its self can inspire. In Oates â€Å"Against Nature† she uses credibility at the very beginning of her essay by stating, â€Å"I was lying o n my back in the dirt†¦staring up at the sky†¦Ã¢â‚¬  By this statement you get an image in your head of what’s occurring. Oates uses credibility again in her essay when referring to â€Å"Edmund of King Lear†. In both of their essays, Emerson and Oates effectively use credibility to support their claims. In Oates essay she uses emotion when mentioning something quite gruesome. She states â€Å"†¦the raccoon†¦tearing at his own belly with his teeth, so that his intestines spill out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Another example is when she mentions that she has â€Å"paroxysmal tachycardia† and that it just so happens to be â€Å"fatal†. You cannot help but to feel bad for her. Is this the reason she doesn’t enjoy nature since her condition can attack so unexpectedly? In Emerson’s essay he uses emotion when states that â€Å"but none†¦owns the landscape†. He is saying that anyone can enjoy nature. Next he says that â€Å"In the woods, is perpetual youth†. This is emotion because Emerson mentions childhood, and this is something that people remember. He has felt that he has been changed by nature, and that you should to. Both essays use logic in order to support their position on nature. Oates uses logic in her essay when stating the dangers of her medical condition. She mentions why it’s â€Å"fatal† by reason, and that the most important thing you can do with tachycardia is that â€Å"you must prevent  panic†. She with this statement also includes statistics on the amounts of heartbeats it takes for the condition to be fatal. Another example is when Oates refers poems of writers such as â€Å"Flowers and Fruit† by Colette and â€Å"Taking the Side of Things† by Ponge. Now in Emerson’s he uses the appeal of logic when he convinces his reader that â€Å"we have no questions†¦are unanswerable†. This statement is reasoning that nature will answer all questions. He proves that nature is greater than man, and that it deserves respect. To conclude, both Oates and Emerson effectively use the appeals of credibility, emotion, and logic to support their position when it comes to nature. They both are complete opposites when it comes to nature. Emerson feels that nature is not only beautiful, but that it holds something different for everyone. Oates on the opposing side dismisses nature and all its glory. Oates has her view against nature and Emerson’s essay is successful in uncovering truths about nature and man’s role in nature.

Apush Slavery Dbq

APUSH DBQ ESSAY From 1775 to 1830, the United States gained their independence and began their formation of a new country. During this period, the ideas of the Revolutionary War had an influence on the African Americans. A number of African Americans were freed but the institution of slavery spread due to social and economic reasons. Both the free African Americans and enslaved confronted and endure the challenges they faced as they fought for rights and equality. The Revolutionary War was a major factor in the development of slavery during that period of time.During the early months of the war, the Lord Dunmore's Proclamation was written which declared all slaves free if they took up arms against the American colonists. (Doc A) The British took advantage of the slaves' desire for freedom to disrupt the American's war efforts. Antislavery sentiments were circulating in the North due to the ideas of the war. However, in the South, the whites believed that they deserved to own the slav es and that it would secure the freedom that they were fighting for. After the Americans won the war, slavery was abolished in the North and further importation of slaves was prohibited.However, slavery was still ongoing in the southern and border states. Manumission, the act of freeing slaves, was soon occurring in the 1790's because people started to feel that slavery was bad because it went against the ideals of the Revolutionary War. Venture Smith's Narrative was an example of manumission as the slave paid for his freedom. (Doc F) This was a common act as many slaves were freed as such during the 1790's. The Revolutionary War and the ideals revolving around it contributed to the increased number of free African Americans. Related article: Apush Taxation Without Representation DbqHowever, even as more and more slaves were being freed, the institution of slavery was expanding too. The southern areas of the United States had an increasing number of slaves from 1790 to 1830. In 1790, only the southern states along the east coast and an area around the Ohio River had an overwhelming percent of slaves. This increased as in 1830, almost all the southern states up to the Mississippi River had a large group of slaves. (Doc C) A reason for such an increase in slaves was due to the invention of the cotton gin. This led to a revival in slavery due to the increase amount of cotton farms to accommodate the demands from England.Cotton ruined the farmland and this led to expansion west as the soil exhausted which explains the increasing trend of slaves in the southern states. During the same period, both free African Americans and enslaved ones faced challenges as they tried to gain rights and freedom. Free African A mericans felt they had the right to vote and â€Å"no taxation without representation†. They felt that since they fought along with the colonists in the Revolutionary War for the same ideals then they should have the rights to it instead of it being imposed on them now. Doc B) Even though some African Americans were freed, they were not spared from discrimination and abuse. Free African Americans in Boston had to bear with daily insults and physical abuse on the streets. Images of African American’s deformity were also common placed in areas of cities and towns. (Doc I) David Walker was an abolitionist who called for blacks to take up arms and fight back against the whites. Walker believed that the blacks should be just as free as Americans and it will just end up hurting the Americans if the blacks have to obtain their freedom by fighting. Doc J) There have been frequent slave rebellions in hope of obtaining freedom. The Haitian Revolution led to an increase in slave revolts as slaves gain hope after seeing the successful revolution in Haiti. Both the freed and enslaved African Americans faced their challenges by enduring and taking up arms against the whites. Overall, the Revolutionary War and its ideals led to the manumission of many slaves. The cotton gin was a major factor of the revival of slavery in the south. Both the freed and enslaved African Americans fought for their equality and rights. Due to these changes, the African American's role in society is reconsidered.

Performnce management (developing methods of performance apraisal) Essay

Performnce management (developing methods of performance apraisal) - Essay Example Performance appraisal can be described as a formal and systematic way of identifying, observing as well as measuring the strengths and weaknesses of the employees in their job (Swanepoel, 1998). The primary goal of performance appraisal is concerned with improving the performance of the individuals as well as the organisation as a whole so that the desired goals can be easily attained. The system of performance appraisal is mainly concerned with gathering information about the performance of different individuals so as to be in a position to make a decision with regards to promotion of other people while at the same time developing and training those who lag behind in order to improve their performance (Mullins, 2010). It can also be seen that a performance appraisal system is designed to provide the managers with information that can be used to make necessary pay adjustments since it is widely believed that employees with outstanding and exceptional performance standards should be r ewarded with pay increases so as to motivate them. In most cases, performance appraisal is carried over a certain period of time where the employees are given a certain task to perform in a bid to establish their level of competence. Information about the challenges they have faced is gathered as well as the aspects they found simple to perform. In order to perform this task, the most effective employee performance appraisal tool that can be used is to give the employees short reflective written tests that are designed to explore their views and perceptions towards their work. In order to do this, it is imperative to assign the employees a certain task that ought to be accomplished over a certain period of time. The manger has to design a set of self reflective questions that can be answered in short answers. These questions should be related to the task that has been performed and they help to establish the level of competence of the individual in as far as this job task is concern ed. The method of testing the capability of the employees in performing a certain task is very effective since they are compelled to give objective answers that are relevant to the experience they would have gained through the assigned task. The other method that could be used is a questionnaire. However, the disadvantage of this method is that the responses are subjective since they do not provide a deep insight about a person’s perceptions towards a certain job activity. The test method is effective in that a person would be given the opportunity to narrate the real situation he or she has encountered. Chances of objectivity are high given that the individual would be in a position to give personal opinions and ideas towards something. These views can be used to measure against the standard expectations in the organization. If an employee shows that he or she has weaknesses in certain areas, this information can then be used to improve those weaknesses so that his overall p erformance can be improved. The employees who display exceptional knowledge and skills in the tasks assigned to them can be considered for promotion by the management. They can also be considered for high pay adjustments so as to motivate them in order to continue putting optimum effort in their performance. The problem of poor performance

California Alcoholic Beverage Control Research Paper

California Alcoholic Beverage Control - Research Paper Example The fact limits the restaurant for both drink in the restaurant and take away drinks. Application of the liquor license is at the department that deals with alcohol and beverage control in Bay area (Califonia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, 2014). During this period of application, the following has to be met by the applicant. Apply and get the sales and tax permit. The permit is obtained at the sales and tax division in California ( Sate of California, 2014). The registration can be done online on their website. The applicant then registers with Board of Equalization online on their website (Califonia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, 2014). The next step is to obtain the Federal basic permit at the alcohol and tax bureau. The timeline to obtain the license varies depending on the number of the applicant and an average of 45 to 60 working days. In the restaurant business, have a premise and ensure the all the application requirements are met. Possible technicality includes the zoning by the local government might hinder the choice of the

The Role of Pharmacy in Todays Modern Healthcare Environment Essay

The Role of Pharmacy in Todays Modern Healthcare Environment - Essay Example Like all medical fields, the field of pharmacy is facing formidable challenges. According to the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy in 2000, there are approximately 201,700 pharmacists in the United States with the numbers increasing by about 2,200 annually. Also, pharmacists are the third largest group of health care professionals, exceeded only by physicians and nurses. Unfortunately, most pharmacists entering the workforce today choose to practice in community pharmacies, and a substantial number take positions within the pharmaceutical industry. This is because community pharmacists make higher salaries than hospital pharmacists and the latter spend more time on patient care functions. Thus, this trend has left a shortage of pharmacists available to work in the hospital setting (Raffel and Barsukiewicz, 2002). Another issue that hounds pharmacists today is the danger of committing medical errors. In today's pharmacy environment, there are many potential sources for error when filling a single prescription. For instance, prescription errors may be stratified into problems with drug prescribing, transcribing, administration, and dispensing.

Marketing analysis report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing analysis report - Essay Example Unlike other hedge fund strategies, Emerging market is marked geographically where investment is done in a market that has potential of growth. Even though it has been adopted by many investors, it has a couple of disadvantages. For instance, the cases of inflation or political instability may result to very poor returns to the investors. Another strategy that is close to emerging market is emerging market stock. This is different to the emerging market because its existence is through the emerging market mutual funds. For the past decade, emerging market mutual funds has lost investors to the emerging markets, for example, the pension funds by the institutional investors. The main reasons for the gained popularity of emerging markets are discussed below in the growth and benefits of emerging markets hedge funds. Despite the fact that of the world’s nations, emerging markets have a percentage of only twenty; emerging markets have still experienced remarkable growth. This is because 20% of the world’s nations constitute the 80% of the world population (Barclay Hedge, 2013 p. 1). Since emerging markets are defined by its nature of growth in terms of industrialization and business, the chances of increased returns to the investors is quite, therefore many investors are adopting this strategy. As mentioned earlier, the emerging markets as an investment strategy has gained popularity over emerging market mutual funds since it is not only tied to bonds but also permits investment on real estate among other investments. Due to this advantage, it has really gained popularity among many investors. For instance, in the beginning of the year 2008, it is clear that over nine billion dollars were spent in the new assets. In addition, the average returns received annually by many firms were above average by 25% (Alpha Calling, 2013 p. 1). Since emerging markets are characterized by unpredictability in terms of inflation or the

In Defense of Traditional Marriage By R. Anderson Essay

In Defense of Traditional Marriage By R. Anderson - Essay Example Anderson in his article about traditional marriages argues that a marriage should still be viewed in the traditional sense of it being a reunion between a man and woman for the purpose of procreation as is indicated in the constitution (Anderson, 2013). His argument therefore dispels the gay activists’ attempts to have this wording changed in the formal documents simply because they have already been accorded the right to get married. The article further ascertains that this definition of marriage has been in existence way before there was any evidence of same sex marriages and hence cannot be changed now. Furthermore, the moment the federal government will change this definition; it will mean that it will be on the road to changing other things as well and being cornered to allow enforcement of other untraditional issues in the marriage institution such as allowing polygamy and the likes. Anderson stands with his word that simply because the gays were allowed to get married i n the states that they have does not allow them the power to demand a change of the traditional institutional definition of marriage (Anderson, 2013). They should be glad with what they have been accorded and remain silent on the issue and let traditions remain as they have always been. The argument by Anderson leans more towards deductive reasoning where he starts by stating the general rules and laws of marriages that have always been and moves to focusing on the sole aspect of procreation. This argument is based on only one major point and a few others that are not too strong to support the traditional marriages or even provide enough reason to avoid the definition of marriage being changed in the constitution despite it being an age old definition whose changes will open up a Pandora’s box of other issues related to modern marriages. The argument of

Vietnam and the 20th Century - Rules of Engagement Essay

Vietnam and the 20th Century - Rules of Engagement - Essay Example ROE in the U.S. and its Importance In battle, the prospects for collapse in obedience are usually present. This elucidates why elaborate ROE at all levels is extremely crucial. The military actions are particularly connected to ROE, carrying out battle in observance of global laws and inside the authority specified by the commanders. The military utilizes the battle authority required to guarantee victory through suitable and restricted utilization of force. ROE ensures realization of the military mission, force defence and observance of law, as well as policy. ROE overlaps executing strategic policy verdict. It might also serve an operational forces objective, and whilst concurrently bringing the US military in observance with the regional, as well as global law. The NCA endorses ROE for the American military. The Joint Staff has the duty of sustaining ROE. WWI led to the largest movement of the National military ever since the Civil War (Moss, 2010). Individual Soldiers on the Grou nd The Chain of Command in the military is extremely crucial since it ensures that everybody comprehends his or her responsibilities. This implies that, in this ladder of power, lower ranked soldiers are not directed by all the higher positioned soldiers. They have one individual above them who elucidates to them their duties, and that individual also has someone he or she is entitled to answer to. Consequently, the cadets at the infantry level usually have their commander, but not any other individual can order them. The Chain of Authority, usually, is utilized so that the army personnel offer orders to only those individuals directly with a lower rank below them and vice versa. For instance, an ordinary soldier who has a quandary in undertaking an order is probable to get regimented. This is for not observing the Chain of Supremacy if he ignores the commander who is in immediate command of the soldier. Consequently, this soldier has to appeal to a higher ranked individual in his o r her ladder of authority. The supposition here is that, no individual can command the cadets unless they are directly above them in rank and have been authorized from above. The ladder of power is the line of supremacy and accountability along which instructions pass. The line will usually go from the top commanders to the ordinary soldiers. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and Johnson In 1965 McNamara, the then secretary of security proposed to President Johnson, to marshal two hundred and thirty five thousand nationwide guards and reserves. McNamara’s supposition was that the failure was due to underestimation of the extent of the challenges. The end of Vietnam began in the epoch of the total force strategy (Bolgiano, 2011). The discourse above delineates the role of ROE at Vietnam battle. During this epoch, ROE fostered the utilization of force in battle. The Secretary of Defense had the authority had the authority to order the guards and reserves. He would confer wit h the head of the nation with regard to the war on the ground. However, McNamara had presumptions that the failure in the battle was due to underestimation of the degree of the quandaries. The ROE also involved the training of the infantry soldiers. Conversely, President Johnson restricted the American troops’ attempts in Vietnam, not to incite the Chinese. Conversely, he provided a reasonably quick and absolute victory over his foes. He totally miscalculated the foe’

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 52

Journal - Essay Example We made rounds, collect data and encouraged non-compliant staff to follow hand hygiene protocols. Met with my infection control personnel. Task-made rounds with engineering staff to install hand sanitizers and hand washing soap dispensers in identified strategic areas. Also made rounds on all inpatient units to collect raw data on staff hand hygiene compliance Attended infection control departmental meeting. Main topic was the upcoming hand hygiene initiative. The manager stated that it will be an organizational wide challenge to raise awareness and hopefully improve and meet the target goal on hand hygiene. Continued to raise awareness and encourage health care providers through consistent patrol to the inpatient units. It is refreshing to know that employee compliance is on the rise due to proper education, accessible soap, water or hand sanitizer, and reinforced messages among staff members, patients and their families. Weeks 4 through week 7 have been very busy at my clinical site. For a start, I attended a mandatory leadership meeting held by the new Assistant Vise-President (AVP) for Patient Care Services. The take home from this meeting was for all leaders to collaborate effectively in building a strong foundation for the organization. In effect, it would encourage the need to improve our patient satisfaction by employing basic nursing care at the bedside. Later that afternoon, the infection Control manager assigned me to work with one of his staff members. Our job was to go to all inpatient units and take data regarding hand hygiene compliance. He informed me on an upcoming initiative to create/raise an organizational wide awareness to improve to improve hand hygiene. Among the tasks, we were to carry out included making rounds, collecting data and encouraging non-compliant staff to follow hand hygiene protocols. Through the last three weeks, this has been the focus

Silent films VS films from our time Research Paper

Silent films VS films from our time - Research Paper Example Sound design is one of the most noticeable and transformative elements of film art due to its capacity to heighten the emphasis of other film elements such as the Mise-en-scene and Editing. Accordingly, this research studies the sound design of Metropolis and LOTR with the intention of identifying the influence of sound design on the overall structure of the films. Basically, this research contends that Metropolis and LOTR have similar usage of sound film as a supporting aspect of the action-filled characters and events in the two films. 2.0. Film Sound In filmmaking, film sound includes the process of creating and manipulating sounds; it covers both the technical and creative aspects of audio presentation that may contribute to the overall effect of the film (Dakic, 2009, p. 1). For instance, filmmakers may create new sets of sounds that could backup their preferred videos and images appropriately while they could also alter existing sound to achieve their desired effects. In discus sing the significance of sound design, Pramaggiore and Wallis (2005) state that sound design is a vital aspect of filmmaking, both in the Silent and Contemporary film periods, because of its capacity to extend the story of the film even without lengthening the dialogues of the characters (p. 209). For instance, any subtle, or explicit changes in the sound effects either corresponds to changes in the mood of the characters, or even signals a forthcoming, unexpected event in the film. Consequently, Dakic (2009) mentions that such an influence of sound design in cinemas contributes to the overall interplay of cinematic elements such as dialogues, characters, and events while maintaining little attention to itself as a cinematic element, as well (p. 1). According to King (1996), silent films still use sounds, regardless of the misconceptions about the lack of sound effects of the said film genre (p. 31). In addition, King (1996) explains that such misconceptions are rooted in the preval ence of synchronized audio-visual imagery in today’s contemporary films wherein audio recordings and videos are successfully edited and integrated to form the overall visual and auditory reality of the film. Instead, King (1996) contends that Silent Film uses sounds as the primary aspect that helps audience understand the emotional impact of the film, considering that the conversations of the characters are not audible enough for the audience to hear. Relatively, Silent Films rely heavily on the expressionist actions of the actors, as well as the live performances of the musical ensembles in the cinema. Contemporary action films also highlight the role of sound film in the overall impact of the movie. In the words of Sergi (2005), the significance of sound film rises to prominence along with the invention of digital audio technologies wherein the audience derive insights from the subtle changes in the sound effects, as much as changes in the personalities and actions of the c haracters (p. 3). In modern films, film sound functions as an integral part of the movie; it fills the silence and gaps while it also supports the transitions of videos. It also has a significant emotive impact that is similar to its usage during the Silent Film period. For instance, modern filmmakers emphasize the interplay between videos and sounds, particularly in foreshadowing certain cinematic events, as well as aiding the visual

American History Essay Example for Free

American History Essay The civil war, according to President Abraham Lincoln, was not really fought to end the prolonged existence of slavery in the United States. The American Civil War was fought to preserve the Union and safeguard the interest of the American people but not of the slaves. Lincoln, who was not an absolute abolitionist himself, believe that the slaves should be free gradually and not on a one time big time basis. But as the civil war became lengthy, Lincoln and his administration has made colossal changes to the original plan and had to issue an Emancipation Proclamation freeing the slaves in the Confederacy. This action was well thought of Lincoln. When the congress has passed the Second Confiscation Act on July 17, 1862, Lincoln was prompted to respond. The Second Confiscation Act entailed that all slaves of everyone in rebellion to the United States were declared free. The act from the congress was not only what impelled Lincoln to act but also the peoples’ growing aversion of slavery. Lincoln has read his drafted â€Å"Preliminary Proclamation† to Secretary of State William H. Seward and Secretary of Navy Gideon Welles. Both were overwhelmed and were unable to respond quickly. On July 22, Lincoln discussed the matter to his cabinet and has received a lot of mix reactions but majority of the cabinet approved of the proclamation. Yet, it was only a consultation. The cabinet reviewed the contexts on September 22 and Lincoln has composed the final Emancipation Proclamation on New Year’s Day of 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation pronounced that â€Å"all slaves within any states or on a designated part of a State whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, henceforward, and forever free†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Emancipation Proclamation guaranteed freedom only of those slaves in the states not in the jurisdiction of the Union. Lincoln’s Secretary of State William H. Seward has criticized the irony of the emancipation. Seward pointed out that the Union might have been sympathetic to slavery by freeing the slaves on the states uncontrolled by the Union but holding them in servitude in places possible to be freed by the government. Lincoln has known this but he did not want to irritate the slaveholders in the Union. Moreover, the Emancipation Proclamation would have not been easily released if it were not a war necessity. The Union saw its last resort on freeing the slave to increase its army and to antagonize the farms and the industries in the South. The proclamation was not sympathy to the slaves but a remedy to the unending war. Yet, the Emancipation Proclamation was one of the greatest victories of the Lincoln administration and of American democracy. It has also stressed that the war is not all about preserving the Union but also on the pressing need to abolish slavery. It was also the foundation of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which forever end slavery in the United States. On the other hand, after the Emancipation Proclamation the war did not ended soon. Many critics of the Lincoln administration supposed that the proclamation has only worsened the situation. The Union was still deficient of soldiers. Lincoln was prompted to create solutions by issuing the Enrollment Act of Conscription on March 3, 1863, which agitated many Northerners. The Union at the early stage of the war has relied on volunteerism but fewer men wanted to enlist. The Conscription Act imposed military duty to every capable man of 20 to 45 years old. Yet those who can find a substitute or pay $300 could be exempted from the draft. This exemption has angered the poor. Leslie M. Harris (2003) reported that antiwar newspaper in New York began criticizing the draft law citing the government’s interference on local affairs on behalf of the â€Å"nigger war. †The most unruly response to the act happened in New York City when unruly mobs appeared on July 11, 1963 when the draft took effect. Even though New York politicians have been very supportive of the Emancipation Proclamation, New Yorkers were divided on their stance towards the proclamation. Likewise, the mob consisted mostly of the poor Irish and German immigrants who lived on New York’s slum area. Irish and German immigrants in New York were told to prepare for the emancipated slaves who will flee to the North and would seek job. The immigrants did not think it was necessary for them to fight and they also have bigotry towards the African-American because they were usually their competitors to lowest-paying jobs. Yet, the main problem arose when the mob started to create commotions on the city. The first targets of the mob include military and government building, which instituted the inequitable draft. But after a while, the mob targeted the black people. First, they assaulted a black vendor and a nine year-old boy before burning to ashes the Colored Orphan Asylum on Fifth Avenue between Forty-Third and Forty-Fourth Streets. Luckily, no child was hurt in the attack. However, the mob has continued to attack Black people and sometimes killing them. Harris (2003) further reported that the mob singled out men for special violence. William Jones, a black man was hanged and his body burned afterward. Some group white men were even cheering when they kill William Williams, a black sailor, shouting: vengeance on every nigger in New York. The mayhem which lasted five days forced hundreds of Blacks to leave the city. Yet, not every Irish were sympathetic to the mob. There were reported cases were Irishmen helped black men. Irish neighbors of Philip White, a black drugstore owner at the corner of Gold and Frankfurt Street, help drove the mob away because White has been a good neighbor and creditor. However, this interracial cooperation was very least as compared to the havoc against the black people. However, the Union Army stationed at the Potomac were able to pacify the rioters and restore order in the city however they remained encamped around the city for several weeks. The Emancipation Proclamation and the Draft Riots embodied the bearing of the people during the Civil War. Though, only was a war measure, the Emancipation Proclamation was a great demonstration of democracy. The Draft Riots proved that not every person has the heart to fight for the Union and not everyone was in favor of the Emancipation. However, though Washington Times wrote, â€Å"The nation is at this time in a state of Revolution, North, South, East, and West, those who believed in the restoration of the Union and the rule of law never gave up hope but fought for what they believe was right. The New York Draft Riots, the Civil War and all its casualties were the price paid by the United States in order to protect and defend the Constitution, its people and those unalienable rights that were bestowed to each citizen which are â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. † References Harris, L. M. (2003). In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626-1863. Chicago: University of Chicago. Smith, A. I. , (2007). The American civil war. Macmillan: New York.

The Acoustic Phonetics English Language Essay

The Acoustic Phonetics English Language Essay The chapter Vowels, acoustics events with a relatively open vocal tract deals with the examination of the various acoustic properties that can result when the vocal tract is in relatively open configuration. The chapter discusses primarily the sounds produced when the narrowest point in the vocal tract is not sufficiently constricted for modes of vibration for which the average airflow is not large enough to cause a significant pressure drop at the constriction. This configuration is normally associated with vowel sounds. The author explains formant bandwidths for vowels by describing the vocal tract as a pole or a tube and when this has no branches or cross modes and the source of sound is a volume velocity source at the glottis, the transfer function to the volume velocity at the mouth opening is an all pole function. When the shape of the vocal tract is changed due to the position of the body of the tongue or any other structure the frequency at the glottis also changes. at occasi ons there are acoustic losses in the vocal tract and these are due to various reasons such as vocal tract walls, viscosity, heat conduction and radiation. The author has used a graph to explain the acoustic loss caused by these factors, and it also measures the frequency. The data in the graph was obtained from sweep-tone measurements, in which estimates of the transfer function were made by applying a transducer to the neck surface and measuring the sound pressure radiated from the mouth using a sinusoidal source. The glottis were closed when the measurements were made. From the graph it is under stood that there is a difference in frequency between male and female and radiation casuses the most of acoustic loss. The two figures also show the average values of the bandwidths of the first three formants for several vowel configurations were 54 , 65, 70 Hz respectively, with the first formant band varying from 39 to73 Hz for different vowels. In the high frequency range above about 2 000 Hz , a major contributor to the bandwidth is acoustic loss is radiation but there is also considerable variability in the format bandwidths at these frequencies depending primarily on the size of the mouth opening and the cavity affiliation of first format frequency. High vowels: A number of acoustic, physiological and auditory factors combine to define a category of vowels that are produced with a high tongue body position and a low first formant frequency. The impedance of vacal tract walls contributes to stability of first format, the tongue surface in the lateral direction can be shaped to produce a stable acoustic output (atleast tongued body positions) that is insensitive to the degree of contraction for the muscles controlling tongue height and the auditory responses to sound with a low with a low f1 appears to have distinctive properties. Front back distinction We find a common acoustic consequence of front back displacements of the tongue body independent of tongue height. Forward movement of the tongue body causes an increase of the second formant-frequency to maximum value consistent to the types of constrictions that are possible for the different tongue heights. This maximum value is higher for the high vowels than for the low vowels. For the highest tongue body position, and, to some extent for the intermediate position, the third and fourth formants combine with the second to produce a center of gravity of the higher frequency spectral prominence that is higher than F2. front vowels then are always characterized by a broad minimum or empty space in the spectrum in the mid frequency between F1 and F2. For a back tongued body, on the other hand ,F2 is displaced to value that is maximally low and close to F1 for a proper selection of the tongue body position. In the case of the non low vowels, a value of F2 that is lowest and closest to F1 and can be reached by rounding the lips. An acoustic consequence of an F2 value that is low is low and close to F1 is that the amplitudes of higher frequency peaks in the spectrum are low relative to the amplitudes of F1 and F2 peaks and probably do not play a significant role in determining vowel quality. Electeomyographic data show a sharp distinction in the muscle activity involved in producing front and back vowels. Data reported by Baer et al. show that all back vowels exhibit activity of the stylogloccus muscle, which is oriented to displace the tongue body backward and upward. This muscle is specially active for non low back vowels. Front vowels on the other hand, show no activity of the stylogloccus muscle. A neutral vowel is defined as a vowel produced by a vocal tract configuration that has uniform cross-sectional area along its entire length. Whilst no vowel articulation can actually meet this requirement accurately, the vowel in heard and some productions of schwa can approximate this configuration. For such vowels, and only for such vowels, the vocal tract can be treated mathematically as a single uniform tube closed at one end (the glottis) and open at the other (the lips) for the purposes of calculating the resonances of the vocal tract. The acoustics of vowels are fairly well understood. The different vowel qualities are realized in acoustic analyses of vowels by the relative values of the formants, acoustic resonances of the vocal tract which show up as dark bands on a spectrogram. The vocal tract acts as a resonant cavity, and the position of the jaw, lips, and tongue affect the parameters of the resonant cavity, resulting in different formant values. The acoustics of vowels c an be visualized using spectrograms, which display the acoustic energy at each frequency, and how this changes with time. The first formant, abbreviated F1, corresponds to vowel openness (vowel height). Open vowels have high F1 frequencies while close vowels have low F1 frequencies, as can be seen at right: The [i] and [u] have similar low first formants, whereas [É‘] has a higher formant. The second formant, F2, corresponds to vowel frontness. Back vowels have low F2 frequencies while front vowels have high F2 frequencies. This is very clear at right, where the front vowel [i] has a much higher F2 frequency than the other two vowels. However, in open vowels the high F1 frequency forces a rise in the F2 frequency as well, so an alternative measure of frontness is the difference between the first and second formants. For this reason, some people prefer to plot as F1 vs. F2 F1. (This dimension is usually called backness rather than frontness, but the term backness can be counterintuitive when discussing formants.) In the third edition of his textbook, Peter Ladefoged recommended use of plots of F1 against F2 F1 to represent vowel quality. [4] However, in the fourth edition, he changed to adopt a simple plot of F1 against F2, [5] and this simple plot of F1 against F2 was maintained for the fifth (and final) edition of the book. [6] Katrina Hayward compares the two types of plots and concludes that plotting of F1 against F2 F1 is not very satisfactory because of its effect on the placing of the central vowels, [7] so she also recommends use of a simple plot of F1 against F2. In fact, this kind of plot of F1 against F2 has been used by analysts to show the quality of the vowels in a wide range of languages, including RP British English, [8] [9] the Queens English, [10] American English, [11] Singapore English, [12] Brunei English, [13] North Frisian, [14] Turkish Kabardian, [15] and various indigenous Australian languages. [16]Rounding is generally realized by a complex relationship between F2 and F3 that tends to reinforce vowel backness. One effect of this is that back vowels are most commonly rounded while front vowels are most commonly unrounded; another is that rounded vowels tend to plot to the right of unrounded vowels in vowel charts. That is, there is a reason for plotting vowel pairs the way they are. The usual description of vowels in respect to their phonetic quality requires the linguist to locate them within a so-called vowel space, apparently articulatory in nature, and having three dimensions labeled high-low (or close-open), front-back, and unrounded-rounded. The first two are coordinates of tongue with associated jaw position, while the third specifies the posture of the lips. It is recognized that vowels can vary qualitatively in ways that this three-dimensional space does not account for. So, for example, vowels may differ in degree of nasalization, and they may be rhotacized or r-colored. Moreover, it is recognized that while this vowel space serves important functions within the community of linguists, both the two measures of tongue position and the one for the lips inadequately identify those aspects of vocal tract shapes that are primarily responsible for the distinctive phonetic qualities of vowels (Ladefoged 1971). With all this said, it remains true enough that a lmost any vowel pair of different qualities can be described as occupying different positions with the space. Someone hearing two vowels in sequence and detecting a quality difference will presumably also be able to diagnose the nature of the articulatory shift executed in going from one vowel to the other. Esophageal talkers may have reduced intelligibility due to both time domain and frequency domain variability. The unpredictable nature of esophageal speech can cause problems when automatic procedures are used in applications such as long-distance telephone messages. The current study compared a standard coding algorithm (LPC-10e) with a novel approach to determining voiced periods (vocal tract area functions) in the speech of esophageal talkers. The results of the study showed that the sentences synthesized with the vocal tract area function algorithm were more intelligible than those synthesized with the standard LPC-10e algorithm. Supplemental information, such as vocal tract area functions, may be useful in determining voiced epochs when variability in vocal parameters is high. In the last 40 years, many vocal pedagogy authors have written about the need for appropriate vowel modification. Modification involves shading vowels with respect to the location of vowel formants, so that the sung pitch or one of its harmonics receives an acoustical boost by being near a formant. The goals of such modification include a unified quality throughout the entire range, smoother transitions between registers, enhanced dynamic range and control and improved intelligibility. Elite singers, whether they consciously recognize they are modifying vowels or not, become experts at making subtle changes in vowels as they sing, or they do not have consistent careers. Modification concepts which have been widely accepted are summarized below: Although there is a strong correlation between voice classification and formant frequencies, due to subtle articulation and anatomical differences, formant frequencies are unique to each individual. The amount of modification needed varies with the size of the voice, the weight of the voice, the duration of the note being considered, the dynamic level, and how the note in question is approached. Sensitive singers report that the amount of modification they need may vary daily and also during the day, depending on how much they have warmed up. Vowel formants are frequency bands, not one specific pitch. Precise tuning of each note in a piece is not very practical nor is it acoustically beneficial. During a rapid passage, a singer may not have enough time to adjust for optimal resonance on each vowel on each note; moving on to the next note in the passage smoothly is a greater priority than exact tuning of each tone. Males and females tune differently. In general, males seek to match harmonics above the fundamental to a formant, while females, especially in the upper voice, tend to reinforce the fundamental itself by matching it to the first or lowest formant. Several general rules for modifying vowels exist (as summarized by Titze): (a) formant frequencies lower uniformly by lengthening the vocal tract (either by lowering the larynx or protruding the lips or some combination of both); (b) formant frequencies are lowered uniformly by lip rounding and raised by lip spreading; (c) fronting and arching the tongue lowers the first formant and raises the second formant, while backing and lowering the tongue raises the first formant and lowers the second formant; (d) opening the jaw raises the first formant and lowers the second formant. Vocal fold vibration for voicing is achieved by the combined efforts of muscular tension, tissue elasticity and aerodynamic forces. The vocal folds are initially drawn together by the activities of the various laryngeal adductor muscles. As the folds come together the velocity of air passing through the glottis increases which results in a pressure drop between the medial edges of the folds (Bernoulli effect) causing them to be sucked together. Pressure then builds up below the closed glottis until the folds are forced apart and the cycle repeats (Van den Berg, 1958; 1968). One necessary condition of voicing is that subglottal pressure exceeds supraglottal pressure (the transglottal pressure difference) (Ohala, 1983; Sawashima and Hirose, 1983). The activity of the larynx during phonation causes the airstream flowing out of the lungs to be broken up into a rapid series of puffs due to the opening and closing of the vocal folds . Each burst of compressed air escapes through the glottis at high speed and collides with the column of air inside the vocal tract. This causes an acoustic shock wave which is propagated to the outside. The spectrum of the periodic glottal waveform is a line spectrum comprising harmonics which occur at multiples of the fundamental frequency. According to theoretical calculations (Fant, 1960; Rosenberg 1971), the glottal tone for normal phonation has a spectrum that falls off at about 12dB per octave. Other phonation types, as described by Laver (1980), display different glottal tone characteristics. Vowel sounds are most frequently described with reference to their formant characteristics which provide an indication of the resonance positions and hence the articulatory shape for the vowel production. Early speech perception studies (Delattre, Liberman, Cooper and Gerstman, 1952; Miller, 1953) showed that the frequencies of first three formants were the most important cues to vowel identification. These findings have been supported by several subsequent analyses (Fox, 1985, Kewley-Port and Atal, 1989; Klein, Plomp and Pols, 1970; Rackerd and Verbrugge, 1985; Shepard, 1972; Terbeek, 1977). The first formant has been shown to be associated with the auditory quality of height and the second formant with the auditory impression of the front/back dimension, or, more correctly, degree of constriction and point of maximal constriction . Ladefoged, De Clerk, Lindau and Papà §un (1972) remind us that degree of lip opening, or protrusion, pharyngeal width and larynx height also contribute to modifications of acoustic output. Lindblom and Sundberg (1971) found that all formants were lowered by lip rounding but that for palatal configurations, F3 was particularly affected. Hà ¶gberg (1995) also found that lip area was an important factor in the determination of F3 for the front vowels. When the first two formants are plotted on axes with certain directional and scaling characteristics, the vowel relationships closely resembles the traditional auditory vowel map . Such vowel spaces, with axes F1 and F2, rely on the concept of the vowel target which is the part of the vowel least influenced by its surrounding phonetic context. The vowel target is where the articulators, and therefore the formants, are moving the least and is referred to as the steady-state component of the vowel. The target is considered to be either a point in the time course of the vowel or else a section of time during which the vowel position remains stable. A single point is often used to provide an estimate of the target position, and for most vowels this can be assumed to be approximately mid way though the nucleus . Several authors have noted the problems inherent in the target theory for vowels citing the difficulties often encountered in establishing steady state components by eye or by automatic extraction procedures (Benguerel and McFadden, 1989; Nearey and Assmann, 1986). Van Son and Pols (1990), however, examined five different methods of identifying vowel targets and found that the use of the different methods made little difference to the results of their experiments. The conventional method of depicting the F1/F2 does not adequately represent the multi-dimensional nature of vowel quality. Delattre et al. (1952) showed that the third formant influenced listeners judgements of vowel quality and more recent experiments have determined that the higher formants have a combined influence on vowel perception. The combined upper formant is referred to as F2 prime (F2) (Bladon, 1983; Bladon and Fant, 1978; Carlson, Fant and Ganstrom, 1975; Paliwal, Lindsay and Ainsworth, 1983). Delattre et al. (1952) suggested that the ear averages formants that are close together. Carlson, Ganstrom and Fant (1970) tested this hypothesis for Swedish vowels concluding that all vowels could be effectively synthesised using two formant approximations. Chistovich and colleagues found that formant averaging or integration occurred only if two formants were situated within a critical distance of 3 to 3.5 bark (Chistovich and Lublinskaya, 1979 and Chistovich, Sheikin and Lublins kaya, 1979). More recent studies have examined global spectral features suggesting that the F3 F2 difference is a more accurate way of identifying vowel frontedness. Syrdal and Gopal (1986) have shown that the separation between back and front vowels is more closely linked to the F3 F2 difference than the F2 F1 difference. It is important to recognise, however, that F3 and F4 vary more than F1 and F2 as a result of speaker characteristics whereas they are relatively stable across vowel categories in contrast to F1 and F2 which vary greatly as a result of vowel quality. The higher formants are therefore less effective carriers of phonetic information than the lower formants (Harrington and Cassidy, 1999). Vowels can be described in terms of the centre frequencies of the first three formants at the vowel target (or targets for diphthongs). Vowel duration and other dynamic spectral information contribute to a more complete description but the extent of this contribution remains unclear. Contextual environment as well as suprasegmental factors plays an important role in the ultimate realisation of the vowel phoneme and so such characteristics must be carefully controlled in phonetic research. Physiological differences between speakers also affect vowel characteristics and such effects must be accounted for in phonetic research and minimised if necessary. One method of minimising physiological effects is to use one of the many normalisation procedures available to reduce variance but care must always be taken when manipulating data to ensure that phonetic accuracy is preserved. The question of sex specific articulations remains open as researchers have been unable to adequately model male to female vowel behaviour. Acoustic data provides an accessible means for hypothesising about articulatory behaviour and it is customary, in phonetic discussions of vowel characteristics, to use articulatory labels to refer to auditory and acoustic properties (Ladefoged and Maddieson, 1990). Articulatory discussions provide convenient global labels for describing acoustic effects, however, specific articulatory detail should not be ascribed to acoustic vowel data.

Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Teaching Philosophy Education Admissions

Teaching Philosophy My personal teaching philosophy will be based off of my role model teachers growing up. For example, my fourth grade teacher, Ms. Juster, was a woman who I will never forget and whose influence made me chose the profession I am working towards today. Like her, I want to stimulate my students into finding their own strengths and desires so they feel more successful not only in a school environment but also in a larger civil community as well. I want my students to see me as a facilitator of learning, rather than a tyrant who harshly judges. Students learn best when they are comfortable and I will allow them, in fact encourage them, to take risks without judging their creativity. Learning cannot occur without stimulation and some amount of genuine care for a subject. Although probably the most difficult task, I will pay most attention to making my students care about what they are learning. I believe classroom experiences should extend into the students real lives. There are always exterior influences that overpower the importance of education, and I want to show students that they need to realize the benefits an education can give them later in life. In literature, this should come more naturally than other academic subjects because we can learn many great morals and consequences through other people’s stories. I will be enthusiastic and a great entertainer to my students, treating them more like a T.V. audience than a ...

Nicotine Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the world today, Nicotine is one of the most frequently used addictive drugs. The impact it has on society is like no other. It is one of more than 4,000 chemicals found in the smoke of tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. This addictive drug is the primary component in tobacco that acts on the brain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tobacco can be found two ways, it can be dried brown leaves of various sizes or it can be a grown form of tobacco. When extracted from the leaves, nicotine is colorless, but quickly turns brown when exposed to air. It then becomes a poisonous, pale yellow, oily liquid with a pungent odor and acrid taste. The amount of nicotine contained in tobacco leaves ranges from 2% to 7%.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are four ways in which you can use tobacco. They are cigarette smoke, dry or wet snuff, and chewing tobacco. The cigarette smoke is inhaled through the mouth. Most cigarettes in the US contain 10 milligrams or more of the nicotine. Since most of the nicotine is destroyed by the heat of burning the actual concentration of nicotine in smoke is low. So, when inhaling the smoke you actually only take in 1 to 2 mg of nicotine per cigarette. Nicotine is absorbed through the skin, lining of the mouth and nose, or by inhalation in the lungs. Depending on how the tobacco is ta ken, nicotine can reach peak levels in the bloodstream and brain rapidly. Cigarette smoking, for example, results in quick dis...

Themes of Love and Obsession in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay

Themes of Love and Obsession in Wuthering Heights      Ã‚   "My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff" (81)" These words, uttered by Catherine, in the novel Wuthering Heights are for me the starting point in my investigation into the themes of love and obsession in the novel. Catherine has just told her housekeeper that she has made up her mind to marry Edgar Linton, although she is well aware that her love for him is bound to change as time passes. That she is obsessed by her love for Heathcliff she confirms in the above quotation and by saying that she will never, ever be separated from him. Why does she not marry him then? Well, she has another obsession too: she does not want to degrade herself by marrying him. Instead she thinks that by wedding Linton she can aid Heathcliff to rise.    Heathcliff, who has been ill-treated by his foster brother Hindley, is obsessed by his thoughts of revenge: "I'm trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back. I don't care how long I wait, if I can only do it at last. I hope he will not die before I do!" (64).He comes back after three years, during which time nobody at Wuthering Heights or The Grange have known his whereabouts, and the first person he is eager to meet is Catherine. She reacts with a mixture of fright and passion, and accuses Heathcliff of being cruel as he has not been heard of for such a long time. His joy to see her again is unmistakable: "A little more than you have thought of me," he murmured "I heard of your marriage, Cathy, not long since; and, while waiting in the yard below, I meditated this plan: - just to have one glimpse of your face, a stare of surprise, perhaps, ... ...s dream and calls her a minx, Heathcliff cannot control his vehement emotions. When he realizes that his life is coming to an end he carries through his will to be buried in the same grave as the woman he loved so fervently.    My conclusion is that in this novel the themes of love and obsession are interconnected. The love between Catherine and Heathcliff runs all through the story, and that love is the reason for Heathcliff's obsession to have his revenge. He never got over being rejected by her. And he never stopped loving Catherine as long as he lived: "Be with me always - take any form - drive me mad! only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh, God! it is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul!" (148).    Work Cited: Brontà «, Emily. Wuthering Heights. Penguin Popular Classics, 1994.   

Motivation in the Classroom

One of the most difficult tasks an educator faces is motivating students. What exactly is it that makes a student want to learn? Why are some students easily motivated while other students must be coaxed to perform tasks that seem simple? A teacher has to ask these questions about each individual student in his or her class, and usually starts to search for the answers within the first few days of meeting their students. It is important for an educator to have a working com/strategies-for-academic-success/">definition of motivation if they plan on implementing motivational techniques in their classroom.According to Eric Jensen (2005), author of Teaching with the Brain in Mind, motivation is, â€Å"arousal and drive. Arousal suggests orientation towards a goal, and drive is caring enough to do something about achieving the goal† (p. 102). Jensen suggests that some students will be intrinsically motivated and require very little push to succeed. He also makes it clear that there are many students with which an educator will have to work in order to build that intrinsic motivation. Ultimately, success in the classroom can be formed in many different ways, but there are a few points that are absolutely necessary.Setting high expectations for your students is essential. Making sure that you know your students and cater to each individual child is also pertinent. Also, identifying outside factors that may cause success or a lack of success will be very important. The autonomy that a teacher shows his or her students is extremely important to success within the classroom. A student should be able to feel like what they do or say is taken into account by the teacher. This does not mean that the teacher will change the way they do things, but they will take into account the feelings and opinions of their students.This adds to the students feelings of self worth. In an article by Patricia Hardre (2003), A motivational model of rural students' intentions to persist in, versus drop out of, high school, she surveyed students asking them to rate the importance of certain qualities. Questions like, â€Å"My teachers provide me with choices and options,† and â€Å"My teachers try to understand how I see things before they suggest to me how they would handle a particular situation,† scored very highly and are viewed by the students as the most important aspect of a well rounded teacher (p.351).Providing a child with multiple ways to come to an answer will not only encourage the child, it will show them that you are interested in their success and have high expectations for them. Allison Ryan’s article, The classroom social environment and changes in adolescents' motivation and engagement during middle school, basically promotes the same ideas. She states that, â€Å"students' perceptions of teacher support and the teacher as promoting interaction and mutual respect were related to positive changes in motivation and engagementà ¢â‚¬  (p.451).The perception of a student about his or her teacher is critical, and will play a major role in whether or not the child is successful. The expectations that an educator places on their students will in many ways shape the way the class will learn from the first day until the last. A strong teacher is one that will provide the students with discipline as well as compassion. He or she will be a leader, but not afraid to listen and understand the needs of the students and of course adapt to those specific needs when applicable.These characteristics are very important, but what will ultimately lead to success is the teacher’s ability to motivate. We know how capable children are, and we know that their capabilities are almost endless. Often times what they are missing is leadership, direction, and someone telling them â€Å"I believe in you†. Isaac Friedman (2011) in his article, Teachers' role-expectations: Altruism, narcissism, patemalistic altruism, and benevolent narcissism, explains that teachers must use what he calls â€Å"benevolent narcissism† in their classroom.Freidman explains â€Å"benevolent narcissism† as the capacity of an educator to have such high expectations of their students that they almost come off as cocky (p. 19). Having such a positive attitude will ultimately build a child’s self worth and make them feel supported and believed in. This is also explained in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. As Robert E. Slavin (2012) explains, â€Å"Self esteem is critical to physical and psychological well-being† (p. 288).However, a child can be quick to doubt themselves if they feel like they have no one who believes in them. When perceived self-efficacy is high, more ambitious challenges are pursued, and commitments to lofty goals are made. When self-efficacy is low, the child will see failure as the most likely outcome of whatever obstacle they may face. Lisa Legault (2006) in her study, Why do high school students lack motivation in the classroom, explains that perceived failure is the single greatest barrier for a child to overcome if he or she hopes to be successful.She goes on to say that even students who do believe in their abilities sometimes have a difficult time believing that they will have the prowess to maintain the effort needed to complete an assignment or achieve in the classroom (p. 579). Furthermore, Johnmarshall Reeve (2003), author of the article Testing models of the experience of self-determination in intrinsic motivation and the conundrum of choice teaches that a child needs to feel â€Å"a sense of unpressured willingness to engage in the activity† (p. 380). This is completely relatable and understandable.Students are often faced with tasks that seem daunting to them, and without a support system it would be very easy to see how a child could lose belief in his or her ability to face a challenge. That is why it is so important to put each s tudent on the same playing field. In this way no student will feel inferior, but you will still be able to make sure each student is also taught to his or her specific needs. Students know when they are treated differently. They can absolutely tell whether or not their teacher is playing favorites in the classroom.It is excruciatingly painful to observe a classroom where a teacher has made some students feel special and others have been made to feel incompetent. Those students who no longer feel they have a place within the classroom are the ones with their heads down, or talking constantly to their peers, or they may even stop showing up altogether. In an article by Kristen Elmore (2012), If ‘we’ can succeed, ‘I’ can too: Identity-based motivation and gender in the classroom, she talks about the rapid decline in success of males within the classroom as opposed to their female counterparts.She talks about â€Å"identity-based motivation† and explains that male students are being stigmatized by their teachers. The male students believe that they need to be strong, and are made to feel like they should not require as much motivation as their female classmates in order to complete the same tasks (p. 181). This is an extremely unfortunate finding. By this point our educators should know that gender plays virtually no role in the intrinsic motivation of our students.Of course there may be plenty of young men and women that don’t need to be pushed in order for them to succeed, but the majority of them do need that extra push. There is no place for gender bias within our school systems. For an educator, one of the most important aspects of maintaining a thriving classroom is keeping your students engaged. When a student loses interest it becomes extremely difficult for them to be successful. In her article, Engagement and disaffection in the classroom: Part of a larger motivational dynamic, Ellen Skinner (2008) talks about the difficulty many teachers have with motivating their students.One of the main problems is that teachers are still trying to lecture at students and expect them to retain vast amounts of facts, instead of having them search for the correct answers. She maintains that when you require your students to sift through material and put together the pertinent information themselves, they are much more likely to hold on to that information. She also claims that this higher level learning will give the student more confidence because they will believe that the teacher has faith in them to learn the material (p. 772).Likewise, Xiaoying Wu (2013), author of Enhancing motivation and engagement through collaborative discussion, explains how important collaboration is in the classroom. Students enjoy working in groups or as a class in order to come to certain conclusions (p. 624). Working with their peers will especially help those students who need an extra push to succeed. Students gain motivatio n by working with other students that can push them to do better. An intentional teacher knows that all students are motivated. He or she also knows that this motivation is not the same level for each student.The intentional teacher strives to keep high the drive of the already motivated student, and also strives to bring out the motivation of the student that needs coaxing in order to succeed. They do this by having lesson plans that help students make sense of the material, which allows the student to take pride in their own accomplishments. A teacher is directly responsible for the motivation of his or her students, and will in many ways shape the way those students approach tasks throughout the rest of their lives.

Social Media Networks in Recruitment

The current changes and advances in engine room and the complaisant occasion of net income and amic able-bodied media mesh mildews, has bring home the bacond virgin opportunities for in whole organizations to communicate easier and find dexterous employees with less time and toll. This cartoon is to check out the run of victimization affectionate media net work ons in levyment of professional staff at mash hush-hush vault of heaven. It result lay down if the tot eithery toldude of these net in muster ups is positive or electronegative and to what extent does the hold of them bathroom acquit to effective enlisting to improve the productiveness and find passing adequate ignoredidates easily.A axed order acting is intentd to collect results close to the electric shock of kind media on enlisting. Questionnaires ordaining be administered to human resources directors and managers at torment close sphere of influence companies and stochastic sam pling impart be utilized. The questionnaires tolerate be distributed haphazardly among 14 companies and the macrocosm pass on be 40-50 HRS directors/managers. In addition, unstructured Interviews bequeath be accustomd as a punt method to emphasize the validity of the results and to ontogenesis the sample.Chapter 1 Study Background admittance The Emirate of Rasa abdominal aortic aneurysm Kalmia ( standpoint) Is fast growing and the nigh northern. torment has come a name and address for umteen tourist visitors and Investors In the sequestered sector. Many of the light and medium manufacturing as well as service Industries undertake on the tralatitious classified and websites to recruit their employees. At the same time the role of these medium is decreasing as much and more(prenominal) college graduates and questioners atomic crook 18 attracted to hearty media. esoteric sector employers be now see low puddle of pendant appli green goddessts to pig out their stemma returnings.This resulted in lower do employees and incompatibility in the workplace. The current changes in technology and the growth in the do of internet and loving Edie sites is remark equal to(p). Companies and recruiters, beca routine, need to be where the authorization empennagedidates argon to be able to find the mighty qualified individuals. This take ups gentle with capable mountain crosswise a wide range of amicable media networks. Overall, and concord to gruelling, and Olivia, complaisant media has amend the recruitment work by do it more democratic and open (Ponderous & Olives, 2013). apply genial media alone however, tin negatively impact the family relationship structure mingled with the companies or HRS professionals and the potential fecal matterdidates (Raja, 2010). It is thitherfore difficult to completely replace the traditionalistic recruitment methods by the habit of social media in the near future. This paper exa mines the potential impact which social media may wee-wee on the recruitment butt on. It places emphasis on how hugger-mugger sector corporations and recruitment professionals lowlife proceeds from the social media networks to promote their products and work efficiently and target the highly quick-witted and qualified employees.It looks at the role of sites much(prenominal) as Faceable, Linked, and round differents are playing in the attend of recruiting and hiring professionals. Problem Statement deform mystic sector is limited in their recruitment of highly qualified avocation by non fully practise kindly Media as a recruitment tool. Social media whoremonger positively diverge the recruitment in RACK snobby sector and notify learn to the fight of highly talented and qualified employees. The growing consumption of social media in an other(prenominal) Emirates may decrease growth in RACK and hinder technological advancement.Most caper seekers and emplo yers are employ social media so the close sector of RACK of necessity to address this issue in club to access these wrinkle seekers. Rationale for the look for Many companies seek to find highly qualified employees. As stated by None, companies spend large amount of resources in their recruitment efforts (None, R, 2012). Many of them use discordant strategies to recruit. Social Media befuddle been successful in many aspects of the career path from networking to merchandise specialized solids and services (Ponderous & Olives, 2013). accord to Headwords, Social Media is put to be essential among the working population and became the main medium of communication. Many companies, both(prenominal) public and offstage relied deliver frame success in apply social media and have integrate it into their daily mathematical operation (Headwords, A. , 2011). This study willing show that thither will be a epochal adjoin in the recruitment of highly qualified employee in RACK p rivate sector when social media is utilized in the recruitment physical process. The following interrogation questions will undoubtedly be answered within this question paper 1 .Which social media sites are mostly employ in recruitment in RACK private sector corporations? 2. To what extent does the use of social media networks lead to effective recruitment? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using social media in recruiting individuals? Definition of ground Social Media is any form of online network that encourage social exchange of ideas, views, personalised communication and friendship. Some media develop lifelong relationships and individual collaboration that are folksy and transparent.These sites include Faceable, Linked, Video, Sing and Twitter (Ponderous, & Olivia, 2013). close Sector consists of companies or industries that are independently owned and operated without g e preciseplacenment interference. Highly fit employees are those employees that hav e high expert qualifications or possess high educational degrees (None, 2012). Limitation of the Study The impact of social media on recruitment is a impertinentfangled matter and in that location is a overleap of studies around it. In addition, the study is conducted sole(prenominal) in the RACK region.Since mystic selective in initialiseion is involved, some instruction is accepted by dint of verbal interview. The definition of highly qualified is relative to the Job unavoidablenesss and thus may non be standard across all industries. Although candidates can be r separatelyed in effect and easily via social media networks, the risk is, if this dodging is not accompanied with other traditional recruitment search methods, then some talented candidates may not be targeted because still in that respect are many people who do not use these networks and prefer the traditional representation of intrusive and applying for a Job.Furthermore, online pens dont certainly g ive an unblemished picture of the individuals. Assessing someones potential and skills based further on an online profile leaves the door open for unethical practices. Summary The study will show that the use of the Social Media in recruitment in the private sector in RACK improves the applicant syndicate and enhance the application process. Furthermore the study will show that the result of the use of social media improve productivity and bsociety the demands for highly qualified employees.The study will in addition show that social media have a positive impact on recruitment. With the era of social media, the approach to work and find Jobs has changed. Social media will not disappear completely therefore recruiters and employers can take more gain ground of this by adopting hiring and recruitment methods that utilize social media networks. Social media, however, has some limitations associated with its use in recruitment process.Although employers can get some benefits using social individuals and professionals as well as the impact on the pickaxe criteria of individuals. preferably of identifying social media as a recruitment solution, employers should realize and understand that they need to work more closely with the professionals to be able to get the right candidates they are feeling for, rather than spending time, money and other resources without any return or benefit. I personally believe that social media cannot entirely replace the traditional recruitment methods in the near future.Chapter 2 Literature suss out According to Molar (201 1), recruitment can be delimitate as the process of conclusion, selecting, attracting and hiring qualified personnel to be assiduous within an organization and contribute to the exercise of its goals and objectives (Molar, 2011, p. 56). Philips (1999) believes that the recruitment process may involve trying to attract highly qualified and talented individuals, screening the applications, and selecting t he right applicant for the Job (Philips, 1999, p. ). He argues that the Recruitment and survival of personnel is considered a very slender component of unman resources functions which drives the organizations success and suppuration (Philips, 1999, p. 10). Most organizations and companies solid groundwide use the traditional way of recruiting and some tend to use a mixture of both traditional ways and online recruiting with the use of social media networks (Molar, 2011, p. 68).According to Ponderous and Olives (2013), Recruiting e-recruitment, or recruiting via the use of social media networks and internet, is a phenomenon that has led to the appearance of a new market in which there is an remarkable level of interaction between employers ND potential employees (Ponderous& Olivia, 2013, p. 33). None (2012), believes that online technology and the use of social media in recruiting are life-or-death to companies that compete for the best talented candidates in a high speed Job m arket (None, 2012, p. 77). This is because the use of the social media can allay a lot of time, appeal and efforts and also allow organizations to target more qualified candidates all over the world (None, 2012, p. 161). This paper points to discuss the impact of using social media networks in the recruitment and selection process at RACK private sector. Examples of the online social media networks which are employ heavy are the use Linked, Faceable, Twitter, Whats, etcAccording to Media (201 1), these social network sites can be defined as web-based services that allow individuals to pull in a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, vocalise a list of other users with whom they mete out a connection, and view their list of connections (Media, 2011, p. 13). These network sites nowadays has connected the people all over the world and most individuals are using these sites to search for Jobs likewise the other purposes of entertainment and injection with other people (Media, 2011, p. 93).Some organizations had already planned and employ these networks in their recruitment process in order to target more qualified individuals global and minimize the cost. These organizations use the social media networks to agitate for their Job openings and at the same Using the social media networks in recruiting employees at RACK private companies may reduce the capacious cost that is used in publicizing for the Job circuit cards and it can also divine service RACK private companies to brand their channel processes through the use of these sites to market their products and services.RACK private companies nowadays face the challenge of purpose the contribute talented candidates that they need to exact in order to meet the requirement of the business. As suggested by Philips (1999), this problem of finding the right candidates can be work by finding other strategies of recruiting much(prenominal) as the use of social media networks (Philips, 1999, p. 24). According to Molar (201 1), there is an increase swerve supranationally to use the corporate websites and social networks in recruiting and selecting individuals.This can open the chances for RACK private companies to target more international antedates from all over the world with the availability of these sites that connect all people at a minimum cost (Molar, 2011, p. 256). Furthermore, by using these social media sites, the vacancies can be filled faster and therefore save the time that can be pass in searching for qualified candidates through the uses of traditional methods of advertising and Job posting (Headwords, 2011, p. 11).Headwords (2011) argues that these sites can also help organizations to increase their brand visibility online which can lay out an excellent two-base hit and brand for these organizations. (Headwords, 2011, p. 118). Therefore, RACK private companies can use the social media networks to brand their products and services and brand th e companies image worldwide. By using these sites private companies at RACK can post their vacancies to a larger community and their postings can be accessed by a larger number of qualified candidates (Headwords, 2011, p. 45). This can help private companies at RACK to increase the eccentric of their hires by attracting the right people for the right Jobs through these social media networks (Sweeney, 2011, p. 58). In addition, there are other benefits of using social media and according to Ponderous and Olivia (2013), social media has improved the recruitment process by making it more democratic and open (Ponderous & Olives, 2013, p. 74).So, private companies at RACK can benefit from the use of these social networks to make its vacancies and Job posting open internationally to all people and this will help vastly to have a wide pool of applicants where it will be easier to find talented potentials. Method This study intends to investigate the impact of using social media on recrui tment process and the perception of the HRS professionals at RACK private sector about the SE of these social networks in hiring and selecting personnel.A mixed method will be utilized for this research which consists of both quantitative and qualitative selective information collection tools in order to provide more in depth info collection and ensure more faithful result of the impact of social media on recruitment process. Participants The population of this study consists of all directors and HRS managers of private companies in Rasa AAA Shaman. In order to answer the research questions, a total of 40-50 respondents from 20 companies in Rasa AAA Shaman private sector were elected based on a random or probability sampling, so all participants will have equal probability to take part in this research.Selected participants will answer a questionnaire structured in Liker format to ask about the use and the impact of social media on recruitment process. The entropy that will be salt away from the respondents will be calculated for miniature and analysis. Instruments A survey questionnaire using the Liker format will be used in this research . The scale below will be used to analyses the answers of all the respondents for each question by calculating the burden mean Range Interpretation 3. 01 4. 00 carry 1. 01 -2. 00 potently contain 2. 1 3. 00 discord 0. 00- 1. 00 Strongly Disagree To test the validity of the questionnaire, it will distributed to 5 participants and these participants along with their results of the questionnaire, will not be part of the research and they were used Just to test the validity. Questionnaire victimisation Seven questions will be used to determine the possible relationship between the variables (social media and recruitment) . The questions that were included in the questionnaire had a plectrum of 4 points from powerfully agree to strongly disagree.All questions were selected carefully to be relevant to the topic and t o reflect the aim of this study and modify to get the right results. The questionnaire will have the following topics 1. The usage of internet and social networks to target talented candidates. 2. Participants opinion about the idea of using social media in recruitment (open? Disagree? ) 3. The support from the top management for the use of social media in recruitment. 4. The benefits of using social media in recruitment such as saving time, cost, etc.. 5.The role of social media in branding and merchandising of organizations 6. Disadvantages of using social media in recruitment. 7. The vastness of using the traditional ways of recruiting besides the use of social media. Data battle array Plan Primary research and supplemental research will be used. The primary research will be meetings, watching and general discussions with those directors will be used. The secondary winding data is based on the writings review including articles, Journals and books which was collected earlie r about the impact of using social media in recruitment process.Statistical analysis of the data When the questionnaire will be collected from the participants, statistics will be used o analyze all the data through the use of SPAS to come up with the statistical analysis for this study. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of using social media (independent variable) on recruitment process (dependent variable). For the purpose of testing the hypothesis, analysis of data will be done and equal in tables.HI will indicate that there is a positive relationship and good impact of using social media in recruiting. H2O will show that there is a negative impact of social media networks if used in recruitment process. HO will indicate that there is no impact or any relationship between the use of social media and recruitment process. Implication and Limitation Studies about the use of social media networks are away from its impact on recruitment and the effective use of it in h iring as HRS function.The conclusion which this research will be able to draw, is the how HRS professionals can benefit from the use of social media and what are pros and cons and the impact of social networks if applied and used in recruitment instead of the other traditional methods of hiring. This research will also reveal that social media networks can be used in other littorals and not only recruitment it can be used for example in market campaigns and branding. This research will be conducted in RACK region only and the results may not apply to other companies in the AAU or may not benefit them.Some of the questions that will be asked to participants, considered to be confidential and therefore respondents may not provide the accurate answer and this will affect the findings and results of the research. Appendices and References Appendix A Questionnaire 1. The use of internet and social networks can improve the way we target talented candidates from all over the world. Strong ly Agree 4 Agree 3 Disagree 2 Strongly disagree 2. I am very open to the idea of using these social media networks fully in the recruitment process without the need to use the traditional methods of hiring. wall employees 4. Social networks when used in recruiting can save time and reduce the cost of advertisement for Job postings 5. Social media can contribute to the branding of the organization if used in the right way cannot imprecate the social media users because some conditional information cannot be published online and this therefore can affect the selection decision.

Musical Instrument Essay

It seems that no matter what at nigh floor in a babys carg iodinr they wander up to their p bents and ask, milliampere, Dad, lavatory I see to it to laugher an pecker? Whether or not it is the guitar, drums, piano, or flute a infant could possibly form the image of lossing to hold back how to period of mutant an puppet. When Mom and Dad end up allegeing no to their sister they should stop and realize that when a child experiences how to lean a medical specialtyal promoter it notify help them turn up in many a(prenominal) much than(prenominal) than(prenominal) than ways than they know (iDiva). Having a newborn youngster shape an vomit upz female genitalia help incur better coordination, build better concentration, help with hear relief, and enhance a childs intelligence, along with many former(a) po hinge onives (o5). I personally knead the guitar, and it has helped me come let on of the closet finished and through turn come let on of the closet the historic period.Probably the largest positive that comes out of a chaff nurture how to play a medicinal drugal comedy comedy promoter is that it enhances their aiming ability. It improves their memory, helps the child out socially and elicit even give them some tautologic intellect (Caron). Why would a p arnt not want to put their kid through symphony lessons? If performing an heart and soul rout out improve the childs brainpower, it is a no brainer to give the kid a musical performerate to canvass out (Caron). Pargonnts should let their children at the very least try out the operator. With enhancing the brain comes enhancing other skills. Studies show that look intoing music can help improve see comprehension, mathematics, and cognitive skills (o5). Pargonnts today seem like they be push harder and harder for their offspring to do better in school if these bring ups give their children a musical instrument it can increase their IQ (iDiva). Not merely when does learning an instrument help improve brainpower it also has other benefits to it.Being a usual American I am not wedded to having any patience however whe neer I sit down and start to play the guitar I arrest all the judgment of conviction in the world. Once I start to learn a new numbers patience has to be sitting thither put unrivalled over up next to me, because no one can learn a whole claim in only five minutes. Playing an instrument teaches kids to engender patience (Caron). When deal are in a rope slamming away on the guitar, or pounding on the drums they father to be adequate to tarry for the right time to play. You need to perish together in a group to make music (Caron). wholeness person in the band cant be playing blistering or slower than everyone else because then the music ends up sounding out right bad.This is where patience comes into play. Having to be subject to wait for the right time to move a chord or beat the swipe drum. Pat ience will not hardly be used only when someone is playing in a band, they can take the patience that they intentional from all the practice of the instrument and put that towards everyday use. Having patience is a wonderful trait to have, yet every now and then patience are going to run thin and one whitethorn become angry, and this is another area where knowing how to play an instrument can help.I myself can plead that whenever I am angry, sad, depressed, or flat out stressed my guitar has always been right there delay for me to pick it up. It is a way for me to let my emotions out it is a superb way to unroll. Engaging in a calming expressive ability proves more effective than merely sitting down to relax music calms the nerves and stimulates the brain. It also increases the ability to run more information (iDiva).I cannot tell pile how jamming on my guitar has helped me get through those fatheaded middle school and high-pitched school problems.Parents should want to g et their kids into an instrument only if for this reason. Would a parent rather have their child dealing with their problems with drugs and alcohol, or by locking themselves in their room and getting lost in their instrument? Stress is something that everyone has studies have shown that playing an instrument can lower heart rates and blood compress (o5). Having a way for their children to get their frustrations out is wherefore parents should let their kids play a musical instrument, yet it also lets them be creative (Caron).Mozart, Beethoven, and Bach are some of the most creative mint in the history of the World, and what did they do? They played instruments. Playing a musical instrument for a child is a creative pursuit (Caron). Parents are always pushing their children to be more and more creative, well parents why not vitiate them an instrument and let their creative thinking be expressed? Everybody is born creative, but many people dont realize it because its not encour aged in their early years (iDiva). Having your child play an instrument would let that creativity that is bundled up inside them, that they did not even know they had, and would let it sore out. Look at the creativity that the guitarist in the last thirty to twoscore years have. Eddie Van Halen, Stevie Ray Vaughan, and Angus unsalted are three of the greatest guitarist. Imagine if their parents would have never bought them a guitar.Then some of the take up music ever would have never been written. It is the net feeling someone can receive when they are just playing along on an instrument and all of a sudden compose some sort of music. When Im playing my guitar just doing really nonsense chord progressions, or playing random riffs, and I build a song on the guitar the feeling is unreal. Once that happens the only thought that goes through my head is, Whoa, I just make music on my own. Ive been playing for more or less 8 years now and that feeling never goes away. Along with bei ng creative a musical instrument is a way for a young child to express his or herself (Caron).Today people express themselves in different ways. Whether it would be through protest, or occupying the stock market everybody expresses himself or herself in one way or another. Playing a musical instrument can be a way for a person to express their individuation operator (Caron). Moms and Dads are always telling their children to be themselves, or dont follow the crowd. Well how can they not follow the crowd if they do not have anyway to express themselves, or have a different identity? Giving a kid a musical instrument can help him express emotions and give that kid an identity (Caron).For me in middle school me being the so called guitar guy was my identity. It did not stick with me through high school, but that was because I didnt want to be that guy anymore. Having the guitar right by my side through middle school helped out a Brobdingnagian amount, It gives pleasure and expresses nuances of emotional life for which there are no words (Caron). Of coarse with anything positive people will try to come back and say that there is something bad or so it. Well the positives far out way the negatives.The biggest arguments against learning a musical instrument are not even the item that you should not learn how to play the instrument, but that one should not take clod music lessons (Oldenburg). other argument is that a child should not learn how to play more than one instrument (Turtenwald). allows see why that a child should not take formal music lessons.One of the simplest arguments against formal music lessons is the cost (Oldenburg). I took formal music lessons when I was a kid to learn guitar, and yes the lessons whitethorn not have been the cheapest however, having the one on one experience definitely helped hone out my guitar skills. Something else that is a negative to formal music lessons is the time. movement back and forth to music lessons and havin g to sit and wait for your child is a downfall to lessons (Oldenburg). Parents, who is learning the instrument? It is the child who is getting the experience of learning an instrument. If the parent isnt close enough to be able to go home and wait bring something to do work, read a magazine, maybe even learn an instrument yourself. The last argument against formal music lessons is the loss of passion (Oldenburg).This is certainly not true. Having lessons helps one build passion. Teaching oneself how to play an instrument can be very hard, if anything I would loose passion doing that. In formal lessons you get that one on one time and learn something new. When you teach yourself how to play you have to read out of a book, and there is no one around to help you out if you dont get something. Learning the instrument on your own will mean that no one is around for you to ask questions to. Finally the other argument against playing a musical instrument is that a child should not learn h ow to play more than one instrument (Turtenwald).There are two main arguments against learning how to play more than one instrument. The first is, like against formal music lessons, the time (Turtenwald). Learning how to play one instrument can be challenging enough, but fetching on a second one at the same time will be lout (Turtenwald). This is completely understandable, but notice that she never says anything about not playing a musical instrument she only says do not play more than one. Taking on the challenge of learning more than one instrument requires a greater time commitment (Turtenwald). The second argument is lack of commitment. What this means is a child may not put forth the same effort towards both instruments. again she is not saying do not play an instrument, but dont play more than one.Teaching a child how to play an instrument can help them in school, and throughout life. Parents it may be a good idea to buy your child the guitar or drum set they have been talk ing about, and get them started as soon as possible.Works Cited5 Reasons to Encourage Kids to Learn a Musical Instrument. 5 Recipes For Life. o5.n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2012.Caron, Sarah. 10 slipway Music Benefits Children. Sheknowsparenting. SheKnows, Inc., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. Oldenburg, Chris. Why Your Child Shouldnt Take Formal Music Lessons. Benefits ofMusic Lessons. recrudesce Parenting, Inc., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. Turtenwald, Kimberley. Advantages & Disadvantages of Learning a SecondaryInstrument. eHow. engage Media, Inc., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. Why Your Child Should Learn a Musical Instrument. iDiva. Times Internet Limited.n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2012.